call centers :: essays research papers

Call Centers -- RP's Emerging Sunshine Industry The call center service has been dubbed the country's latest sunshine industry, expected to generate around 24,000 jobs in the next two years. When a door closes, a window opens. Even as the Philippines feels the fallout from the global IT crunch, it has benefited from the prevailing cost-cutting trend in an unexpected way -- an unprecedented boom in the call center business. Indeed, the call center service has been dubbed the country's latest sunshine industry, with the sector expected to generate around 24,000 jobs in the next two years, according to Toby Monsod, former assistant secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). "It's a very promising industry. Everybody's growing and hiring," Benedict Hernandez, Contact Center Association of the Philippines (CCAP) chair, said in a recent interview. From 2000 to 2001, the segment reportedly grew by more than 200 percent, and local call center revenues are projected to increase from $173 million in 2002 to $864 million in 2004. Optimism runs high as an international research group forecasts the growth of ICT-enabled services to a $200-billion industry by the year 2010, with the call center segment's share at $42 billion. Reports say that in the United States alone, there are 1.5 million call center seats that could be outsourced, and so far the Philippines has less than 10,000 seats filled, indicating the domestic industry's huge potential. What are call centers? A call center is a central customer service operation where agents (often called customer care specialists or customer service representatives) handle telephone calls on behalf of a client. Clients include mail-order catalog houses, telemarketing companies, computer product help desks, banks, financial service and insurance groups, transportation and freight handling firms, hotels and IT companies. The size of an operation is described in terms of the number of "seats." A seat consists of a station with two or three people alternating in several shifts to provide 24-hour call center service. The industry's main target markets include the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. Many factors contribute to the local industry's sizzling development pace. One is the rising cost of doing business in industrialized countries like the United States, forcing foreign companies to downsize and outsource peripheral e-services to developing countries like the Philippines to cut overheads. CCAP president Jose Ferreros also cites the better power and telecommunications infrastructure, competitive labor cost in terms of quality and value for money, and strong government support for ICT-related industries.

Pda Medication Reflective Account Essay

As a requirement of my role as Support Worker for Options Of Independence. I must support my service users with administering medication, in order for me to administer medication safely under the Royal Pharmaceutical Society guidelines, Handling Of Medication in social care 2007, and under Dundee City Council guidelines, I must check that the medicines are correct by checking the medication pack and label on the box must be by the pharmacist or dispensing gp, and identify the service user correctly. I need to know what the medicine is for and know if there is any precautions if medicine has to be taken with or after food or with water. I supported service user M, who requires to be prompted to open blister pack and take her medication. I know service user M as I regularly visit service user M and I am there keyworker. This is under Scottish Social Services Council, codes of practice ,1.1 1.4 1.5 3.6 4.3 6.1. in the sssc book. As I know service user M and I am there keyworker I know s ervice user M very well. I read over her support plan and check medication and mar sheet, I check her medicines from reading the patient information leaflet, check for any adverse reactions and side affects and any contra indications, a side affect is unwanted affect on the body, adverse reaction is an acute or server reaction that can be life threatening. This is under the care of standards. Side Affects, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, rash, weight gain and loss Adverse Reactions, severe rash, breathless, stomach pains, severe diarrhea, swelling, body temperature I have to comply under the Medicines Act 1968, and under The Royal Pharmaceutical Society guidelines and the Handling Of Medicines act 2007. This is under my responsibilitys as support worker and under the national care standards under support services that I am confident about healthcare needs and to make sure service user takes medication safely and in the best way that suits the service user. Read more:  Administer Medication to Individuals and Monitor the Effects If I was administering medication i.e an injection I would respect service users dignity and privacy and follow there personal plan. This complys with medicines act 1968 and the royal pharmaceutical society guidelines. also the handling of medicines act 2007. I went into service user M box where her blister pack and care plan are before i check anything i washed and dryed my hands and applyed my ppe, gloves and apron i then went and washed the medi cup and dryed it. I then checked care plan and mar sheet and checked the blister pack and patient information sheet i then used a popping technqiue to  dispence the blister pack i also offered service user M glass of water which service user M prefers to take with medication this is stated in care plan i checked care plan and medication in blister pack to make sure that its correct as mistakes can be made with medication errors wrong labeling check name date next i would check for the correct route and time . If I was usure about anything I would contact the pharmacist. I then mark the mar sheet using black pen in the appropriate boxes correct date and time. I make sure I obsserve service user M taking her medication and that it has been taken before I would mark mar sheet. When doing this I would look out for any side affects or adverse reactions if I did see any I would take further action and seek medical advice immedicatley and record my finding in mar sheet and daily notes and contact team leader. when marking mar sheet make sure my intials are clear and correct and all information is logged in daily notes and mar sheet. I make sure I put blister pack back in box where its kept and the care plan. as this is where storage is agreed to be kept. this is under the data protection act 1989 and with rules of codes of practice policy and prodcures. If I discovered that service user M had unwanted medication in box I would fill out a medication disposal form noting what dosage and medication it is and how much, I would get the service users signature and return to the pharmacy and get them to sign there name as well. this form would be kept beside mar sheet this is under current policys and procedures, in doing this I have followed the legal rights. Right person, right drug, right doze, right route, ruight time, right documentation, right action, right response. this does not guarantee that medication errors wil not happen but will ensure safety and quality of care. There are a lot of laws and legislations to adhere when dealing with medication. the medicines act 1968. this regulates the supply and manufacture of medicines, prescription only drugs, are avavible only from the pharmacist if its prescribed by a doctor Pharmacy medicines only avaible from the pharmacist but without a prescription. and general sales list which can be bought from any shop without prescription. The human requlations act 2012 this is for labelling of medicines you must have a label on any medcines including creams etc. the date of opening it and expiry date. The missue of drugs act 1973, this is how contolled drugs are stored. in residential they should be stores in a locked secure area, must be double locked cabinet and also secured to a  wall. and to be checked evey 7 days. If its in a service users home they must agree where there to be stored where its accessible to the service user and the staff supporting service user, and must be recored in there care plan. must be suitable storage i.e locked in cabinet or a drawer. in a cool dry palce, some medicines might be stored in a fridege. Regulations of care Scotland act 2001, this was set up by Scottish commission and is to regulation of care and the Scottish social services. which makes up your codes of practice. Scottish services council codes of practice makes sure that every care worker has a duty of care and has to comply with policys and procedures of codes of practice. Infection Prevention and Control comply with Control Of Substances Hazard to Health regulations, to prevent infection and germs, making sure service user is in agreement with how they would like to be supported with there medication and disposing of clinical waste. making sure my hands are washed and dryed before handling medication, before and after. not touching medication or waste directly,wear appropriate ppe gloves and aprons. when applying creams or patches washing and drying hands after removing ppe. Applying topical creams, as this can be absorbed threw your skin using gloves is for your own protection or you could absorb the medication to your skin. if you don’t follow these procedures medication can be compromised and they are open to infection from the staff member. Communication is an important thing when administering mediation, is vital to avoid errors and mistakes. must be extend to members of the care team service user and there represntatives prescriber and the pharmacist one example would be identifying the person verbal verification of the right person is one method of correct indentfiation but it should not be the only methosd used. please tell me your full name is a better wat to confirm a person identity the name be verified on the mar sheet and the medication label . Diabetes both type 1 and 2 are often controlled by insulin regular blood glucose montiering helps you to know if there is a need to inform the person adinstering the insulin to enable them to make adjustmets to the insulin dose as with all blood glucose lowering treatmets the tasrget range for good blood glucose is between 4mmol/8mmols. unplanned exercise lack of food delay in taking food and injections into the same area persistently may lead to low blood sugars. if the service user experiences hypos they should discuss this with their gp or nurse so treatment can be reassessed. There is  not much information about cultural requiremnts and medication managementsome relgions include fasting and some people prefer not to have mecicnes given at certain times.some people would prefer to be given medicines by the same sex. there are also vegetarions that would prefer not to use certain medicnes if they ontain animal products. When administering medication to service user I would sate to the service user what the edication is for and why. i.e if the service user had a U.T.I ( urinary track infection),you would then communicate to service user that this is your antibiotic for urine infection, if the service user says I don’t have that, as service user can be confused due to having a urine infection. I would check service users care plan, make sure correct medication and prescribed for the right reason if not sure I would seek medical advice. also insure that the service user has taken there medication by checking that they have swallowed and asking service user if they have taken there medciation, and I would stay with the service user and observe. check mar sheet if in any doubt, also remember that my role and responsiblty to the service user even after adminstering medication does not finish after I have administered the right medication check make sure no side affects or adverse reactions to the medication..

Analysis of the Fog of War Eleven Lessons by Robert S....

The Fog of War Eleven Lessons by Robert S. McNamara was in so much as a great representation of the life of Robert S. McNamara. It showed his life to be dramatic and traumatic in many different ways. The lessons he learned and shared during the documentary movie were truly astounding to me. I personally thought the movie was a tad bit on the boring side, but it was a documentary after all. The Fog of War was a very informative piece of work. During Errol Morris s documentary, The Fog of War, Eleven Lessons by Robert S. McNamara former Secretary of Defense McNamara, one of the most infamous figures of the Vietnam era, proves to be a greatly compelling figure, someone who can be self-critical and reflective about the decisions he made to†¦show more content†¦As McNamara himself acknowledges, he would have been viewed much differently historically had the United States lost World War II, leading one observer to recall Benjamin s observation that history is written by the undefeated victors. The Fog of War also offers a astounding critique of what McNamara refers to as rationality, which might be understood in terms of the relentless and calculated efficiency that was a part of his celebrated image as a World War II decider and as an executive at Ford (he helped in the development of seat belts), an observation that challenges some of McNamara s earlier assertions. Again, this willingness to engage in self-reflection, if not self-criticism, was compelling, even with McNamara s refusal to answer some of these points, and perhaps because of the refusal, the things he couldn t, or wouldn t say. The film implies several moments that may tempt people to make and or draw comparisons between Vietnam and Iraq. Several of McNamara s lessons readily acknowledge this perception, including his first lesson, Empathize with your enemy. McNamara comments only about his role in the Vietnam War, never mentioning Iraq or the current war, but it s most relatively clear from the unsaid language that heShow MoreRelatedThe Objectives Of The National Military Strategy Essay1980 Words   |  8 Pages, The history book of continuum of conflict demonstrates lessons learned that military leaders should consider in achieving these objectives. Among them the need to be empathizing with your enemy is a great lesson regarding the deterrence especially when you discover that â€Å"those with power to start a war frequently have lack of power to stop it.† Furthermore, if deterrence fails at any time the escalation of war will suffice to end the war and demonstrates determination, capability and will to endRead MoreVietnamese Attitudes toward China in the 20th Century2496 Words   |  10 PagesVietnamese Attitudes toward China in the 20th Century In a recent documentary about the lessons from the life of former Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, McNamara recalls an incident that took place in Vietnam in the 1990s. While visiting Vietnam after relations between the United States and Vietnam began to normalize, McNamara asked the Vietnamese leaders how they had managed to continue the war with the United States for so many years, making huge sacrifices in the process. McNamaras interlocutorsRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesmanagement needs to be opened up, not closed down; it needs reconciliation among its many different tendencies, not the isolation of each. To enrich the experience of this safari, we hope to follow up with a Guidebook. We have also prepared an Instructor s Manual to facilitate the use of this rather unconventional book in the classroom. We owe many thank-yous. Bob Wallace of The Free Press must be especially singled out. In the musical chairs world of publishing these x EMBARKATION days, to be

How to Celebrate Shakespeares Birthday

Shakespeare was born and died on April 23 -- and over 400 years on, we are still celebrating his birthday. Joining up with a Bard birthday bash is the best way to celebrate, but if you’re unable to attend an event, throw your own party! Here, a few creative ways to celebrate Shakespeare’s birthday. 1. Visit Stratford-upon-Avon If you live in the UK or are visiting the area in the month of April, then there is no better place in the world to celebrate William Shakespeares birthday than his hometown of Stratford-upon-Avon. On the weekend of his birthday, this little market town in Warwickshire (UK) pulls out all the stops. Hundreds of people travel to the town and line the streets to watch the town dignitaries, community groups, and RSC celebrities mark the Bards birth by starting the parade in Henley Street -- where the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust can be found. They then snake their way through the streets of the town to Holy Trinity Church, the Bards final resting place. The town then spends the weekend (and most of the week) entertaining its visitors with street performances, RSC workshops, world-class theater and free community theater.   2. Perform a Scene If you cant make it to Stratford-upon-Avon or one of the other Shakespeare birthday events happening around the world, then why not throw your own party? Dust off that old Shakespeare tome and act out your favorite scene. Couples can try the famous balcony scene from Romeo and Juliet, or the entire family can attempt the tragic ending from Hamlet. Remember: Shakespeare didn’t write his plays to be read -- they were to be performed! So, get into the spirit and start acting. 3. Read a Sonnet Shakespeare’s sonnets are some of English literature’s most beautiful poetry. It’s a delight to read aloud. Ask everyone at the celebration to find a sonnet that they like and read it to the group. If you’re not sure how to do justice to Shakespeares works by reading aloud, we have some advice to make your performance sparkle. 4. Visit the Globe This might be difficult if you don’t live in London or plan to be there. But it is possible to build your own Globe Theater  and keep the family entertained all afternoon -- print out all the parts you need and reconstruct Shakespeares wooden O. You can also take a virtual  photo tour of the reconstructed Globe Theatre in London. 5. Watch a Branagh Film Kenneth Branagh has made some of cinema’s best Shakespeare film adaptations. Much Ado About Nothing is arguably his most upbeat, celebratory film -- the perfect flick to round out the Bard’s birthday bash.

La Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats - 1795 Words

Many famous writers have careers spanning over decades, though one English Romantic poet was able to achieve fame in his short career of only five years. John Keats was a poet with a remarkable ability to perceive the world around him; an ability that resonated throughout his works. Although John Keats lived an unfortunately short life, he is considered one of the most important figures of the English Romantic movement because of his use of Romantic literary devices and themes of love and loss in poems such as La Belle Dame sans Merci and When I Have Fears that I May Cease to Be. On the outskirts of London on Halloween in 1795, famous Romantic poet John Keats was born. Entering school at the age of 8, Keats was known for his fierce†¦show more content†¦Regardless of finally achieving success from his poetry, Keats received the news of the good reviews with mixed emotions (â€Å"John Keats: Love, Life, and Death†). Advised to do so by his doctors, Keats left England an d his love, Fanny Brawne, in September to spend his final months in the warmer climate of Italy (â€Å"John Keats: Love, Life, and Death†). By this time Keats had abandoned any ideas of continuing to write poetry, and lived his final months feeling as if he were already dead (â€Å"John Keats: Love, Life, and Death†). Keats said that he was leading a posthumous existence (â€Å"John Keats: Love, Life, and Death†). After fighting off the disease for almost six more months, Keats died in Rome on February 23rd, 1621 at the young age of 25. One can only imagine the heights to which Keats would have soared had he lived longer. Despite his short career in poetry, Keats became one of the most popular and acclaimed English Romantic poets (†John Keats: Biography†). Keats’ brief career as a poet did not prevent him from becoming a primary leader of the English Romantic movement. His works, along with those of Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelly are most frequently connected with Romantic poetry. The Romantic movement places harmony with nature in high regard and stresses the development of the individual (The Academy of American Poets). Romantic poetry often focuses on one idea which eventually morphs into a contrasting idea by the end of the poem (Melani).Show MoreRelated Consider La Belle Dame sans Merci and To Autumn by John Keats1345 Words   |  6 PagesConsider La Belle Dame sans Merci and To Autumn by John Keats John Keats was born in 1795 and died in 1821. He lived a short life as he suffered from tuberculosis, and died in his early twenties. Keats is one of the great Romantic poets of the early 19th century. Most of his poetry was crammed into the last few years of his life, which is why some of his poems relate death. He had a great love for nature, which was always included in his poetry in some way. He saw his mother and his brotherRead More Archetypes in John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci: A Ballad1393 Words   |  6 PagesArchetypes in John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci: A Ballad During the Romantic Movement in literature, numerous writers fed off one another’s ideas; thus, creating various patterns which reoccur throughout literary works. According to â€Å"The Literature Network,† John Keats is â€Å"usually regarded as the archetype of the Romantic writer.† Therefore, Keats himself is thought to be the original model for the writer during the Romantic Era. In his poem, â€Å"La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad,† Keats usesRead MoreA Poem from the Romantic Period, La Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats711 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Keats was an English poet whose short lived writing career was in the early 19th century, near the end of what is known as the Romantic period. This time wasnt just about love stories; it was a social and political movement as well as a literary one. The Romantic period in literature was reacting to the 18th century obsession with distinct order, rationality, and a quest for scientific precision know n as the Enlightenment. The writers during the Romantic period felt that these thinkers fromRead MoreEssay on Poetry Analysis: La Belle Dame Sans Merci992 Words   |  4 Pagesyour focused on it, and it overwhelms you. â€Å"la belle dame sans merci† was written April 21, 1819 by John Keats. A Romantic poet who despite his reputation as being one of the most beloved poets of all time, was not well received during his short lived life. In fact Keats reputation didn’t grow till after his death near the end of the nineteenth century. He is now considered one of the key figures in the second generation of the romantic movement. Keats major works did not focus on religion, ethnicsRead More Comparing The Two Poems: When We Two Parted And La Belle Dame Sans Mer1483 Words   |  6 Pageswritten by Lord Bryon, and â€Å"La Belle Dames Sans Merci†, written by John Keats. I shall be exploring these poems and seeing connections and differences between them, so that I am able to compare them. The storyline of both poems is based around love, and so they are similar in that respect, however I think the poems bring out different types of emotions. When We Two Parted is melancholy throughout, and is a lament for a lost love. This is different to La Belle Dame Sans Merci, as it is more enchantingRead MoreComparing the Two Poems: When We Two Parted and La Belle Dame Sans Mer1499 Words   |  6 Pageswritten by Lord Bryon, and La Belle Dames Sans Merci, written by John Keats. I shall be exploring these poems and seeing connections and differences between them, so that I am able to compare them. The storyline of both poems is based around love, and so they are similar in that respect, however I think the poems bring out different types of emotions. When We Two Parted is melancholy throughout, and is a lament for a lost love. This is different to La Belle Dame Sans Merci, as it is more enchantingRead MoreEssay on John Keats La Belle Damn Sans Merci Analysis1365 Words   |  6 Pagespoem La Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats. In this poem Keats clearly denotes his personal rebellion against the pains of love and revealed the sad reality that; in pleasure, there is pain. This paper will take a closer look at one of the most prominent themes in La Belle Dame sans Merci; Love and Despair. The poem begins with a forlorn and heartbroken narrator suffering from both physical and emotional pain, ‘So haggard and woebegone’ (l 6) who meets a beautiful maiden. La Belle Dame sansRead MoreLa Belle Dame sans Merci Analysis Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesLa Belle Dame sans Merci, written by famous romantic poet John Keats in 1819, has been declared one of Keats’s greatest works due to the ambiguous boundaries it sets between imagination and reality [Kelly]. Throughout the poem, the reader always questions the â€Å"reality† presented by the poem, creating many facets that the readers have discussed for years and still have not established a definite answer as to their true meaning. La Belle Dame sans Merci embodies Keats’s â€Å"negative capability† perfectlyRead MoreThe Rights Of Women By Anna Barbauld1354 Words   |  6 PagesAnna Barbauld and John Keats wrote poems in response to proto-feminist writings. Barbauld wrote â€Å"The r ights of Women† in response to Mary Wollstonecraft s A Vindication of Rights of Woman. The Rights of Woman mocks gender equality while masked as an inspirational peroration for women. Additionally, â€Å"La Belle Dame Sans Merci† by Keats shows the potential danger in trusting women since the character in his poem was heartlessly betrayed by a woman. Power is an underlying theme in both texts and whileRead MoreJohn Keats : The Five Senses, Reality Departures, And Nature1628 Words   |  7 Pagesnot come at all† (biography). John Keats was an English-born poet who was known for his sonnets, romances, and epics. He was a well-known romantic poet who was criticized because of his style of poetry. In his poems, Keats uses frequent themes such as death, the five senses, reality departures, and nature. As a romantic poet, John Keats uses imagery and emotion based themes as way to display his beliefs in his poetry. Born in London, England on October 31, 1795, Keats suffered a tragic childhood

Computers †Invention of the Century Free Essays

string(80) " electronic computers to take advantage of these improvements appeared in 1947\." The History of Computers only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such devices changed the way we manage, work, and live. A machine that has done all this and more now exists in nearly every business in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Computers – Invention of the Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now This incredible invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but its ancestors have been around for 2000 years. However, only in the last 40 years has the computer changed American management to its greatest extent. From the first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the computer has changed nearly every aspect of management, and our lives for the better. The very earliest existence of the modern day computer’s ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago (Dolotta, 1985). It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to programming rules that the user must memorize. All ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed on the abacus. This was one of the first management tools used. The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital calculating machine. It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascal’s father, who was a tax collector, manage the town’s taxes (Beer, 1966). In the early 1800s, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine (Dolotta, 1985). It was steam powered and could store up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Built in to his machine were operations that included everything a modern general-purpose computer would need. It was programmed by and stored data on cards with holes punched in them, appropriately called punch cards. This machine was extremely useful to managers that delt with large volumes of good. With Babbage’s machine, managers could more easily calculate the large numbers accumulated by inventories. The only problem was that there was only one of these machines built, thus making it difficult for all managers to use (Beer, 1966). After Babbage, people began to lose interest in computers. However, between 1850 and 1900 there were great advances in mathematics and physics that began to rekindle the interest. Many of these new advances involved complex calculations and formulas that were very time consuming for human calculation. The first major use for a computer in the U. S. was during the 1890 census. Two men, Herman Hollerith and James Powers, developed a new punched-card system that could automatically read information on cards without human (Dolotta, 1985). Since the population of the U. S. was increasing so fast, the computer was an essential tool for managers in tabulating the totals (Hazewindus,1988). These advantages were noted by commercial industries and soon led to the development of improved punch-card business-machine systems by International Business Machines, Remington-Rand, Burroughs, and other corporations (Chposky, 1988). By modern standards the punched-card machines were slow, typically processing from 50 to 250 cards per minute, with each card holding up to 80 digits. At the time, however, punched cards were an enormous step forward; they provided a means of input, output, and memory storage on a massive scale. For more than 50 years following their first use, punched-card machines did the bulk of the world’s business computing (Jacobs, 1975). By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques had become so well established and reliable that Howard Hathaway Aiken, in collaboration with engineers at IBM, undertook construction of a large automatic digital computer based on standard IBM electromechanical parts (Chposky, 1988). Aiken’s machine, called the Harvard Mark I, handled 23-digit numbers and could perform all four arithmetic operations (Dolotta, 1985). Also, it had special built-in programs to handled logarithms and trigonometric functions. The Mark I was controlled from prepunched paper tape. Output was by card punch and electric typewriter. It was slow, requiring 3 to 5 seconds for a multiplication, but it was fully automatic and could complete long computations without human intervention. The outbreak of World War II produced a desperate need for computing capability, especially for the military (Dolotta, 1985). New weapons systems were produced which needed trajectory tables and other essential data. In 1942, John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchley, and their associates at the University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high-speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC, for Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator (Chposky, 1988). It could multiply two numbers at the rate of 300 products per second, by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memory. ENIAC was thus about 1,000 times faster than the previous generation of computers. ENIAC used 18,000 standard vacuum tubes, occupied 1800 square feet of floor space, and used about 180,000 watts of electricity. It used punched-card input and output. The ENIAC was very difficult to program because one had to essentially re-wire it to perform whatever task he wanted the computer to do. It was efficient in handling the particular programs for which it had been designed. ENIAC is generally accepted as the first successful high-speed electronic digital computer and was used in many applications from 1946 to 1955. However, the ENIAC was not accessible to managers of businesses (Beer, 1966). Mathematician John Von Neumann was very interested in the ENIAC. In 1945 he undertook a theoretical study of computation that demonstrated that a computer could have a very simple and yet be able to execute any kind of computation effectively by means of proper programmed control without the need for any changes in hardware. Von Neumann came up with incredible ideas for methods of building and organizing practical, fast computers. These ideas, which came to be referred to as the stored-program technique, became fundamental for future generations of high-speed digital computers and were universally adopted (Dolotta, 1985). The first wave of modern programmed electronic computers to take advantage of these improvements appeared in 1947. You read "Computers – Invention of the Century" in category "Essay examples" This group included computers using random access memory, RAM, which is a memory designed to give almost constant access to any particular piece of information (Dolotta, 1985). These machines had punched-card or punched-tape input and output devices and RAMs of 1000-word capacity. Physically, they were much more compact than ENIAC: some were about the size of a grand piano and required 2500 small electron tubes. This was quite an improvement over the earlier machines. The first-generation stored-program computers required considerable maintenance, usually attained 70% to 80% reliable operation, and were used for 8 to 12 years (Hazewindus,1988). Typically, they were programmed directly in machine language, although by the mid-1950s progress had been made in several aspects of advanced programming. This group of machines included EDVAC and UNIVAC, the first commercially available computers. With this invention, managers had even more power to perform calculations for such things as statistical demographic data (Beer, 1966). Before this time, it was very rare for a manager of a larger business to have the means to process large numbers in so little time. The UNIVAC was developed by John W. Mauchley and John Eckert, Jr. in the 1950s. Together they had formed the Mauchley-Eckert Computer Corporation, America’s first computer company in the 1940s. During the development of the UNIVAC, they began to run short on funds and sold their company to the larger Remington-Rand Corporation. Eventually they built a working UNIVAC computer. It was delivered to the U. S. Census Bureau in 1951 where it was used to help tabulate the U. S. population (Hazewindus,1988). Early in the 1950s two important engineering discoveries changed the electronic computer field. The first computers were made with vacuum tubes, but by the late 1950s computers were being made out of transistors, which were smaller, less expensive, more reliable, and more efficient (Dolotta, 1985). In 1959, Robert Noyce, a physicist at the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, invented the integrated circuit, a tiny chip of silicon that contained an entire electronic circuit. Gone was the bulky, unreliable, but fast machine; now computers began to become more compact, more reliable and have more capacity. These new technical discoveries rapidly found their way into new models of digital computers. Memory storage capacities increased 800% in commercially available machines by the early 1960s and speeds increased by an equally large margin (Jacobs, 1975). These machines were very expensive to purchase or to rent and were especially expensive to operate because of the cost of hiring programmers to perform the complex operations the computers ran. Such computers were typically found in large computer centers operated by industry, government, and private laboratories staffed with many programmers and support personnel. By 1956, 76 of IBM’s large computer mainframes were in use, compared with only 46 UNIVAC’s (Chposky, 1988). In the 1960s efforts to design and develop the fastest possible computers with the greatest capacity reached a turning point with the completion of the LARC machine for Livermore Radiation Laboratories by the Sperry-Rand Corporation, and the Stretch computer by IBM. The LARC had a core memory of 98,000 words and multiplied in 10 microseconds. Stretch was provided with several ranks of memory having slower access for the ranks of greater capacity, the fastest access time being less than 1 microseconds and the total capacity in the vicinity of 100 million words. During this time the major computer manufacturers began to offer a range of computer capabilities, as well as various computer-related equipment (Jacobs, 1975). These included input means such as consoles and card feeders; output means such as page printers, cathode-ray-tube displays, and graphing devices; and optional magnetic-tape and magnetic-disk file storage. These found wide use in management for such applications as accounting, payroll, inventory control, ordering supplies, and billing. Central processing units for such purposes did not need to be very fast arithmetically and were primarily used to access large amounts of records on file. The greatest number of computer systems were delivered for the larger applications, such as in hospitals for keeping track of patient records, medications, and treatments given. They were also used in automated library systems and in database systems such as the Chemical Abstracts system, where computer records now on file cover nearly all known chemical compounds (Dolotta, 1985). The trend during the 1970s was, to some extent, away from extremely powerful, centralized computational centers and toward a broader range of applications for less-costly computer systems (Jacobs, 1975). Most continuous-process manufacturing, such as petroleum refining and electrical-power distribution systems, began using computers of relatively modest capability for controlling and regulating their activities. In the 1960s the programming of applications problems was an obstacle to the self-sufficiency of moderate-sized on-site computer installations, but great advances in applications programming languages removed these obstacles. Applications languages became available for controlling a great range of manufacturing processes, for computer operation of machine tools, and for many other tasks. In 1971 Marcian E. Hoff, Jr. , an engineer at the Intel Corporation, invented the microprocessor and another stage in the development of the computer began. A new revolution in computer hardware was now well under way, involving miniaturization of computer-logic circuitry and of component manufacture by what are called large-scale integration techniques. In the 1950s it was realized that scaling down the size of electronic digital computer circuits and parts would increase speed and efficiency and improve performance. However, at that time the manufacturing methods were not good enough to accomplish such a task. About 1960, photoprinting of conductive circuit boards to eliminate wiring became highly developed. Then it became possible to build resistors and capacitors into the circuitry by photographic means. In the 1970s entire assemblies, such as adders, shifting registers, and counters, became available on tiny chips of silicon. In the 1980s very large scale integration, VLSI, in which hundreds of thousands of transistors are placed on a single chip, became increasingly common. Many companies, some new to the computer field, introduced in the 1970s programmable minicomputers supplied with software packages. The size-reduction trend continued with the introduction of personal computers, which are programmable machines small enough and inexpensive enough to be purchased and used by individuals. One of the first of such machines was introduced in January 1975. Popular Electronics magazine provided plans that would allow any electronics wizard to build his own small, programmable computer for about $380. The computer was called the Altair 8800. Its programming involved pushing buttons and flipping switches on the front of the box. It didn’t include a monitor or keyboard, and its applications were very limited. Even though, many orders came in for it and several famous owners of computer and software manufacturing companies got their start in computing through the Altair. For example, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, founders of Apple Computer, built a much cheaper, yet more productive version of the Altair and turned their hobby into a business. After the introduction of the Altair 8800, the personal computer industry became a fierce battleground of competition. IBM had been the computer industry standard for well over a half-century. They held their position as the standard when they introduced their first personal computer, the IBM Model 60 in 1975. However, the newly formed Apple Computer company was releasing its own personal computer, the Apple II. The Apple I was the first computer designed by Jobs and Wozniak in Wozniak’s garage, which was not produced on a wide scale. Software was needed to run the computers as well. Microsoft developed a Disk Operating System, MS-DOS, for the IBM computer while Apple developed its own software. Because Microsoft had now set the software standard for IBMs, every software manufacturer had to make their software compatible with Microsoft’s. This would lead to huge profits for Microsoft. The main goal of the computer manufacturers was to make the computer as affordable as possible while increasing speed, reliability, and capacity. Nearly every computer manufacturer accomplished this and computers popped up everywhere. Computers were in businesses keeping track of even more inventories for managers. Computers were in colleges aiding students in research. Computers were in laboratories making complex calculations at high speeds for scientists and physicists. The computer had made its mark everywhere in management and built up a huge industry. The future is promising for the computer industry and its technology. The speed of processors is expected to double every year and a half in the coming years. As manufacturing techniques are further perfected the prices of computer systems are expected to steadily fall. However, since the microprocessor technology will be increasing, it’s higher costs will offset the drop in price of older processors. In other words, the price of a new computer will stay about the same from year to year, but technology will steadily increase. Since the end of World War II, the computer industry has grown from a standing start into one of the biggest and most profitable industries in the United States. It now comprises thousands of companies, making everything from multi-million dollar high-speed supercomputers to printout paper and floppy disks. It employs millions of people and generates tens of billions of dollars in sales each year. Surely, the computer has impacted every aspect of people’s lives. It has affected the way people work and play. It has made everyone’s life easier by doing difficult work for people. The computer truly is one of the most incredible inventions in history to ever influence management, and life. How to cite Computers – Invention of the Century, Essay examples

Business Plan A case of Go Veggie Restaurants

Question: Describe about the External and internal environmental analysis, SWOT analysis and Develop a risk management plan of Go Veggie Restaurants? Answer: 1.Business profile a.Vision of Go Veggies Enhancing the goodwill via serving the best healthy food in the New Zealand market b.Mission Go Veggies restaurants is committed to provide the highest quality , fresh and organic natural food that will help to keep up the healthy living habits among the populations. Our employees are friendly, eager to serve quickly with polished and professional behvaiour (Barrow, 2011). Objectives Profitability worth of double the investment which is more than half million after second year. Offers foods without artificial colures, flavour and rotten items Enhance the customer base by 23% per year with the support of promoting the organic farms that keep our earth and water pure. SMART SMART Measuring the objectives of Go Veggies Specific The objectives of the Go veggies Restaurants states that, it is looking to creates healthy environment by introducing organic food habits among the population. Measurable The objectives are measurable as the company is looking to earn double the investment within the 2017 (Clarke, 2010). Achievable The objectives is very much achievable because marketing environment suggest that there is dearth of veggies restaurants in Auckland along with financer like bank and owners has enough fund to open the business. Realistic The objectives real too because the time of earning profitability is given between 2016-2017. Time The objective is time bound because the time elements is given for earning the profitability is 2 years from the opening and enhance the customer base with 23% per year is also one of the evidence of the objective is very much time bound. d. Legal structure Figure 1: Legal structure of the Go veggies Restaurants (Source: Drummond, Ensor Ashford, 2012, pp-234) e. Go veggies offerings Vegetarian Menu (As per seasonal change) All main courses Stir fried vegetables in oyster sauce (fresh vegetables deep fired with garlic and ginger served on bed of rice along with tow tea spoon of love oil) Nut roasted vegetables and pasta (cooked in a spicy tomato and white sauce) Roasted vegetables served with French loaf and pill up rice Mushroom and sweet red capsicum served on the bed of rice along with bread tick with tomato soup Sweet and sour fruits masala and vegetables served on the platter with cheese bread Some of the major items and products sold by the Go veggies in their main courses items to the customers along with changing menu as per seasonal variations. f. Identify the competitive edge for Go Veggies Organic ingredients and feature will add the local flavour which would make the food more delicious and healthy. Apart from that, company will also serves the salads and fruit in order to keep the reprise the menu extremely hale and hearty (Jackson Sawyers Jenkins, 2008). Besides that, the menu of the Go veggies will be tropical and changes with changing season in order to cater seasonal fruit and vegetables to the items not the hybrid one. g. Business background Go Veggies restaurants is vegetarian organic food restaurants in the heart of the Auckland, Queen street. The market has footfall of more than 50000 per day. The business will sole proprietorship because the business is small (Seshadri, 2009). The owner of the company will be capitalizing on the growing demand of local organic food which fresh and no chemical and preservatives are added to it which would bring eco household environment. h. Purpose of business plan Business is about making money and business plan would help to manage the business from start up to profitability prospect. Organic restaurants business chain is one of the booming industries and is very much attracting the general population of New Zealand (Shaw, 2008). Business plan would helps in determining the best possible way of allocating the resources along with conducting the research on the market feasibility, financial feasibility of the business which will help in decision making. i. Critical success factors of Go Veggies Brand value: One of the basic critical success factors for the Go veggies is demand of the organ ic food times are been risings worldwide. As the more and more people are opting for veggies in order to stay healthy and fit. This is lowered the toxic in the air and earth which would reduce the problems of obesity and thyroid (Germain Claycomb Droge, 2008). Countries with large domestic market for organic restaurants opportunities 2013 (million,$) USA 12 Germany 7.20 France 6 UK 5.12 New Zealand 6.26 Japan 1.85 Italy 0.93 Graph 1: Countries with large domestic market for organic restaurants opportunities (Source: Morris Schindehutte Allen, 2011, pp-748) Unique items: Other major factors for the Go veggies restaurants would have unique food items with seasonal variations items which is not been present in existing restaurants. Quality and Value pricing: Apart from that another major factor would be quality service which would be quick and pleasant. Lastly, the price would be keep as the value pricing or penetration pricing in order to cater large customer base (Goksoy Ozsoy, 2007). 2. External and internal environmental analysis PESTLE analysis Political Minister of food and agriculture Mr. David carter MP has announced to tax levied of more than 0.12% on total amount for those SME business who are into the business of buying and selling of organic food products (Germain Claycomb Droge, 2008). Economical The GDP of the New Zealand is 1.56% higher than the previous years which shows consumer are willing to spend more on improving the life style. As rise in the customer of veggies food items with 1.20 million in New Zealand also suggest that demand is increasing per year (Matsuda Hirano, 2007). Social As per the report summoned by Organic Trade Associations and New Zealand Natural Health magazines suggest that, around 34.28% of total population of New Zealand are has change their food habits to prefer organic food products in compare to pesticide products. Technological As the changing new technology would creates one of the major problems for the Go veggies in order to control their food waste. Legal Legal structure like registration from the state bureau is required for the business in order to attain legal name. Along with that, employee identifications number (EIN) and Flammable materials permits are costly to acquire (Mohammed Rashid, 2012). Environmental Environment protection authority permission is needed for the granted for the music in restaurants. Sewerage permits form NBLIS is required. Porters five forces model Threat of new entrants Since the restaurants business is one of the booming industries in New Zealand. Therefore the chances of new restaurants will be higher in near future. High threat of substitute products As there is less competition in the organic and veggies restaurants in Auckland which would help the Go veggies to capture the large market shares (Mohammed Rashid, 2012). Low Bargain power of buyers Bargain power of buyer is currently lower but there is always fear of losing the customer because of poor quality, high price. Medium Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of suppliers would be increasing future because the demand of the organic food item is all time high in retail stores and restaurants. High SWOT analysis Figure 2: SWOT analysis on Go Veggies restaurants (Source: Shaw, 2008, pp-445) 4. Marketing plan Target customers Segmentation bases Target customers segment of Fast food industry Geographic Region New Zealand, Auckland , High street market Density Urban (40000) Age All age category Gender Male, females and others Income High and middle income groups Occupation Employees and professionals Demographic Social status Working class, middle class and higher class Family size Single, nuclear, joint family Psychographic Lifestyle Traditional and moderns Occasions Regular and other Festive seasons Price strategy Penetration pricings: Go veggies will be choosing the penetration pricing which is to give higher quality products with low price. Figure 3: Pricing strategy of Go Veggies (Source: Germain Claycomb Droge, 2008, pp-558) Property strategy Go Veggies Restaurants will promote the store opening via live music and fresh food in the parking lot at weekends. The ambience of the store would be based on neo classical and design on the vegetables and fruits. Place The trade fair and the Auckland music festivals are been generally happens at the queens street so the restaurant have excellent foot traffic (Seshadri, 2009). Go veggies will be hosting number of projects like food banks and community programmes for the benefit of organic food. The closet restaurant to the high street area is 12 minutes drive from the main market. The location has lots of parking space for the cars. Positioning Figure 4: Positioning of products of Go veggies (Source: Barrow, 2011, pp-567) Most of the multi cuisine restaurants are being looking to achieve the cost leadership in the market in order to increase their brand value. However, Go Veggies are looking for product differentiation by innovating the recipes. Promotion With the of sharp rise in the internet users, Go veggies are looking to promote their products in the in social media platform like Face book and Twitter fan page in order to gain the popularity . Mobile app is other major strategy to book the restaurants (Goksoy Ozsoy, 2007). Rest, TV and magazines are traditional way of promoting the restaurants and its vision of making the world better place. Marketing budget and time line Promotional strategies Expenditure (AUD $) Time line (Week) Social media (Face book, Twitter, and YouTube) 30,000 3 weeks TV 9200 2 weeks Websites 40,000 4 weeks Mobile app 20,500 3 weeks Magazines and Newspapers 12,000 2 weeks Offers, free discounts coupons 4000 1 week 5. Human resources Plan Human resources requirements Particulars 2014 2015 2016 Wages 126738 129,228 136,982 Total people 7 9 14 Total payroll 126738 129,228 136,982 Pro forma of staff roster Labor Amount AUD $ Total output per day 1250 Manpower 32 Working time 600 SAM 8.90 Target hour 173 (129 =60% efficiency) (86=40% efficiency) Labour productivity 39 Machine productivity 66 Line efficiency 58 Information flow within the business and outside the environment Figure 5: Communication flows within the Go veggies restaurants (Source: Germain Claycomb Droge, 2008, pp-446) Team formation Plan Analysis Members Strategies Penetration pricings and product differentiation in terms of comfort and style Owners Tactics Strengthen the customer relationship Manager GAP Innovation Innovating the new veggies items Head chef Social media Face fan page and twitter accounts along with YouTube innovative videos Sales manager 6. Develop a risk management plan Major risk in the business Inadequate funds: 9 out 10 restaurant business fails because of inadequate capital. Restaurants business needs more than 30, 0000 capital in order to run its business operation day to day. Most of restaurants struggle to find their ground in the first year while the owners makes necessary strategy in menu or staffing and customers find out the place (Seshadri, 2009). Food safety concern: Food poisoning is major cuisine of concern for restaurants owners. Restaurants personnel are trained in food safety but fails to pay enough attention towards its which could turns into allergies. Impact of risks supported with a risk management strategy Budget: In order to decrease the risk, plan to make expected budget for several months expenditure and expected profit would reduce the risk of funding (Jackson Sawyers Jenkins, 2008). Apart from that, funding via bank with lowered interet rate would also decarse the burden for the financial liabilities. Examine the cooks and other staff: Clean the aprons and uniforms. Clean and manicured hands with no cuts, washing the dishcloths regularly along with separate chopping board and finally avoid using the rotten vegetables which is spreading the risk of bacteria around the kitchen. Monitoring and Implementations These all could be monitored via making the financial feasibility for the restaurants business by making the expected income statement , expected sales plan , balance sheet for 3 years and the cash flow statement of the existing business. Cleanliness: The food poising would be stooped and waste can be control via keeping clean within the Kitchen area operations (Clarke, 2010). This would help to reduce the wastage which can be find out in parking lot bin. Apart from that, using guacamole which is centre of disease are one of the major cause of food poisoning. Benchmarking the resources Operational benchmarks: Operational benchmarking is based on staff and chef efficiency to cook the items of menu as soon as possible with quality (Germain Claycomb Droge, 2008). Apart from that waiter and the finance manager efficiency for focusing extensively on the serving the food at right time and processing right amount of bill. This will be benchmarked via 360 degree appraisal system. Strategic benchmarks: This is where the owners of Go veggies will be making their budget to make sure that, restaurants need to perform well in 5 to 10 years. With the help of implementation of TQM or Price 2 methodology will help to reduce the wastage and maintain consistency. This could be benchmarked via balance score card (Drummond, Ensor Ashford, 2012). Action plan With the help of prince 2 methodology, Go veggies will be able to manage and control its financial budge and monitor within the operation system of the kitchen which is would restraints to use the products that would cause the food poisoning. Figure 6: Risk management techniques used by the Go veggies (Source: Rhyne, 2009, pp-319) Reference List Books Barrow, C. (2011) Practical Financial Management: A Guide to Business planning and budgeting, 8th ed. London: Kogan Page Limited Clarke, G. (2010) Business Start Up and Future Planning, Bringhton: Emerald Publishing Drummond, G., Ensor, J. Ashford, R. (2012) Strategic Marketing: Planning and Control, 4th ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Jackson, S. R., Sawyers, R. B. Jenkins, G. (2008) Managerial Accounting: A Focus on Ethical Decision Making, 5th ed. London: Chapman and Hall. Seshadri, S. (2009) Sourcing strategy: principles, policy, and designs, India: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd Shaw, J. K. (2008) Strategic management in telecommunications, 4th ed. Belgium: Peeters Publisher. Journals Germain, R., Claycomb, C. Droge, C. (2008) Supply chain variability, organizational structure and performance: the moderating effect of demand unpredictability. Journal of operations management, 26, 557-570 Goksoy, A., Ozsoy, B., (2007). Business Process Reengineering: Strategic Tool for Managing Organizational Change an Application in a Multinational Company. International Journal of Business and Management, 22: 256-264. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M. Allen, J. (2011) The entrepreneurs business model: Toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research, 58: 726-735. Rhyne, L. C. (2009) The relationship of strategic planning to financial performance, Strategic Management Journal, 4, 319-337 Matsuda, T. Hirano, M. (2007) A perspective of planning literature, European Journal of Operational Planning, 12(2), 138-45 Mohammed, A. A. Rashid, R. (2012) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Hotel Industry: A framework Proposal on the Relationship among CRM Dimensions, Marketing Capabilities and Hotel Performance. International Review of Management and Marketing, 2(4), 220-230