Sampling Strategy and Sample Size for a Qualitative...

Sampling Strategy and Sample Size for a Qualitative Research Plan Sampling strategy and sample size is distinctly influenced by the research approach taken. This applies both to the overall research direction appropriate for a proposed study (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods) as well as to the technique applied to explore the phenomenon under investigation. Moreover, even though Ms. Lynn noted that quantitative and qualitative research methods exist on a continuum, where different methods reflect the amount of data and information available, literature and practice demonstrate significant differences in research strategy and sampling (Laureate Education, n.d.). The following assignment will discuss the sampling strategy and†¦show more content†¦To further elucidate, the study seeks to understand changes in political participation, explore the spaces of interaction and policy formation, and investigate possible consequences associated with the same. Since the nature of the research could be perceived as controversial and containing a political agenda, a phenomenological approach was considered advantageous due to the distanced, objective positioning and externalization of the research problem achieved through â€Å"bracketing the researcher’s own experiences† (Creswell, 2013; Chan et al., 2013, p. 1). Furthermore, because the research purpose and focus of the central question concern the meaning of democratic participation in today’s society, data will be collected through conducting several in-depth interviews. As mentioned, sample sizes in qualitative research are much smaller than those for quantitative studies. They typically depend on the insights sought, the purpose of the study, and factors relating to credibility, validity, time, and resources (Patton, 2002). Although they may be as small as selecting a singular case, guidelines for phenomenology suggest the selection of 5 to 25 participants to explore and uncover the essence of a shared experience (Creswell, 2013). Taking into consideration time and resource constraints as well as the aim of theShow MoreRelatedDifferent Research Strategies With Distinctive Characteristics Available From Which A Researcher May Select Based On The Previous Criteria1636 Words   |  7 PagesMethods There are various different research strategies with distinctive characteristics available from which a researcher may select, based on the previous criteria. Yin (2003) and Saunders et al. (2009) recognized that granting numerous research strategies occur, there are great commonalities amongst them and henceforth the significant contemplation would be to choose the greatest useful strategy for a particular research study. Some of the typical research approaches used in business and managementRead MoreWhats Up with Pasta1666 Words   |  7 PagesWhats Up With Pasta Q1: We need to understand and research why the Spaniards are spending relatively less on Pasta than its European neighbors. Current market research done by AEFPA offers insufficient data, so we need to improve data quality. The main goal is the get a clear demographic segmented market overview. One of the problems is that we cannot clearly identify the potential and current pasta consumers clearly – we simply do not know enough about of core target group. In addition weRead MoreWhats Up with Pasta1680 Words   |  7 PagesWhats Up With Pasta Q1: We need to understand and research why the Spaniards are spending relatively less on Pasta than its European neighbors. Current market research done by AEFPA offers insufficient data, so we need to improve data quality. The main goal is the get a clear demographic segmented market overview. One of the problems is that we cannot clearly identify the potential and current pasta consumers clearly – we simply do not know enough about of core target group. In addition we needRead MoreInvestigating The Data Of Information For The Business Purposes Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesResearch methodology is the process to collect the data of information for the business purposes or for some specific purpose of making specific decisions. The methodology also uses the survey, publications, interviews and company’s articles and journals etc. The simple steps of research methodology are given below: Identification of problem Research objectives Sources of data Data collection Sample, Sample size Data Interpretation Data Analysis Finding and observations Conclusion RecommendationRead MoreResearch Study On Research And Research1406 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Introduction The chapter focuses on to identify the research approach, research onion and the research philosophy to conduct the research in proper manner. The research design based on which the entire research will be conducted is identified in the chapter in details. Robson and McCartan (2016) argued that the specific research process requires to be identified by the researcher to conduct the research efficiently. 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Research Objectives ïÆ'Ëœ To know about the preferences of customers ïÆ'Ëœ To know about the services provided by the company ïÆ'Ëœ To improve the status of company by doing research on problem areas ïÆ'Ëœ To understand the competitors of the company ïÆ'Ëœ To collectRead MoreQualitative Research Analysis Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome And Co Existing Psychological Illness1177 Words   |  5 Pages Qualitative Research Critical Appraisal The qualitative research is a subjective approach that used to describe life experiences and give them meaning. This assignment is a critical appraisal of the qualitative research article written by Dainty, Allcock and Cooper (2014) entitled: â€Å"Study of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Co-Existing Psychological Illness†. The hermeneutic phenomenology design used throughout the study to understand the individual’s personal experience, the meaning of thoseRead MoreMethodology Qualitative And Qualitative Research1675 Words   |  7 PagesMethodology qualitative(300/5)(382/ ) In research the two main used approaches are qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research represents the study of perceptions, emotions and experiences in the direction of understanding the human behaviour therefore from a subjective perspective ( R). On the other side the quantitative research is expressed numerical, measurable, appropriate for statistics defined as being objective and can be used for general public (R). Another difference, according toRead MorePresentation Chapters 3 51422 Words   |  6 PagesNicole Fiamingo’s Presentation MKT 730 – Marketing Research February 17, Dell Printer: â€Å"The New Kid On The Block† http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42mNRePWIME Chapter 3 Research Design Marketing Research Proposal 1. 2. 3. 4. Executive Summary Background Problem Definition Approach to the problem 5. Research Design 6. Fieldwork/ Data Collection 7. Data Analysis 8. Reporting 9. Cost and Time 10.Appendices What the Research Design Includes 1. Define the information needed 2. Design the exploratory

Ethical Enviromental Issues Free Essays

string(126) " consequences of the dam project, is it ethically right to proceed with the project\? Personally, I do not think it is right\." â€Å"Ethics is the study of the choices people make regarding right and wrong† (Ruggiero, 2008). Environmental ethics, it is more of a study about moral relationships of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents. Humans have been sharing our lives with nature for many of years; we have to make many ethical decisions with respect to the environment everyday. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Enviromental Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have been concentrating on finding ways and ideas to make our lives easier. Over time we have forgotten to take in the immoral consideration of what we might be doing to our environment itself. In the past, future and even present, there have been many controversial issues on environmental ethics that need to be answered. There are environmental issues affecting our world today such as deforestation and pollution. These problems have even begun to affect us at a global scale and not only have we put ourselves in grave peril but we have also managed to endanger every other species that exist on earth. As noted by Yamamoto (2001), â€Å"In Buddhism, human life, and other forms of life are regarded as being of the same matter. Therefore, since they are always related to living things, Buddhism regards environmental problems as essentially an issue of ethics. † There are many environmental issues that need to be taken care of as soon as possible. One issue would have to be deforestation. For years we as humans have depended on trees as a resource to our everyday life. We have built homes, paper, and many other products from this precious resource. If the forest provided us with low cost homes and so many good resources, why is it an ethical issue or problem? This is a problem because deforestation destroys not only forests but also reduces the biodiversity, which means a reduction in the amount, as well as variation of, living things which can cause havoc on whole ecosystems. † â€Å"The cutting down of tropical rain forests is particularly detrimental to wildlife and other living things. â€Å" (Yamamoto, 2001) We have been so concern in finding different ways to make our lives easier. Pollut ion is another issue that is affecting our environment. Pollution is killing off our wild life each and everyday. We as humans must take control of this problem very quickly. With so much pollution we are killing plants, animals, polluting our water, and causing the depleting of the Ozone layer. I once had to do a project about the effects of The Morris J. Berman oils spill of the coast of the Escambron beach in the island of Puerto Rico. From the pictures that I saw, I can say that I had never seen a more horrendous sight. This beautiful blue beach whose waters had turned into a murky black and filled with dead fish covered in oil. The damage was vey overwhelming especially. I will never forget the awful pictures of so many animals suffocating with the poisonous oil. Luckily this problem has been dealt with by the government for many years and they have found many solutions to ensure that these disasters do not repeat themselves. This is a great example of how government involves itself in Environmental Ethics. It was evident to every one the damage and the horror that was inflicted on nature by this human mishap. It is a fact that the government had always prioritized the restoration of the ocean that was damaged by the barge when it crashed and destroyed the homes to a vast number of oceanic wildlife. Last year the government of Puerto Rico was compensated with $10 million for damages caused by the oil spill almost 14 years ago. These funds will be used to build an artificial coral reef and a shore line nature reserve (Michael Melia, FoxNews. com, 2007). Our rain forests and the tribes that live in there are being affected by this pollution and deforestation also. â€Å"The Kayapo are an indigenous group of Indians living in the rainforest of Brazil. The dominant ecosystems are tropical rainforest and grassland in which the Kayapo hunt, fish, and practice Sweden agriculture (slash and burn). (Goodale, 2004) Their way of life is being threatened by pollution, land grabs, and dams. There are many environmental ethics at stake. The first problem was the pollution from agricultural runoffs from acres of soybean and cattle just outside the boundaries of the Kayapo Indians. The pollution from the headwaters of the Xingu downriver flowed down to the Kayapo Indians, contaminating water supplies and food resources. The second issue was land invasion. â€Å"Parts of the east bank of the Middle Xingu called Kapotnhinore are being illegally invaded and sold. This is creating a hostile, dangerous environment and also blocking river travel. (Goodale, 2004) The last issue not only affects the Kayapo Indian but also affects the rainforest that they live in. According to Goodale (2004), the Brazilian government has revived plans for several hydroelectric dams along the Xingu River. â€Å"The proposed project would displace Kayapo from their homes, because a loss of sustenance for those living downstream, disturb fish populations, and damage terrestrial ecosystems† (Goodale, 2004). In a situation like this, there are many views from both sides. Some people believe that this is just wrong to disrupt a tribe’s natural way of life. If you take the river that they solely depend this will hurt their way of living. Some people think that proposed plan should go forward. Some believe that the dams will regulate the flow of water which will help prevent flooding and dry seasons and that the creation of the hydroelectric dams will create a clean source of electricity for millions. With an ever growing population, it does not make economic sense to have 28. 4 million acres set aside for only 5,000 people. When thinking about environmental ethics, there are many consequences that humans have to take in account. Some are good and some are bad. Weighing the consequences of the dam project, is it ethically right to proceed with the project? Personally, I do not think it is right. You read "Ethical Enviromental Issues" in category "Essay examples" Although the dam can produce electricity for many people, many others are being displaced from their homes without any compensation. I think that there are many other alternatives in creating electricity without displacing the Kayapo Indians. This is not my decision to make. If these issues are not dealt with in time, they could lead to severe consequences such as the extinction of many species of both flora and fauna, and the dilapidated conditions of different habitats. Many people manage to go carefree through life; unconcerned of the harmful changes that are inflicting upon our environment. It is imperative that we come to the understanding that even if humans are the dominant species on the planet; the earth does not solely belong to us but to other life forms. Even though many of our ethical views on Environmental issues are Anthropocentric as mentioned by Andrew Brennan and Yeuk- Sze Lo (Environmental Ethics, January 3, 2008), we as the primary species have a responsibility not only towards the environment but we also have a moral commitment towards every other species that share our world with us. We are the only species capable of reasoning and reflection on ethical matters, thus giving all moral debate a definite â€Å"human-centeredness. † Personally I believe that perhaps it is exclusively up to us humans to deal with these issues immediately. The survival of all other species is imperative; especially when the truth is that we are the causes of many of the planet’s damages. Many of the social and ethical obligations we have towards the planet consist primarily of extending our moral standing beyond human centeredness. Humans must come to terms that we are just a fraction of living beings in this vast world and we must care for our planet and the respect the other living creatures that live on it also. Many people do genuinely feel that it is our moral duty to preserve every aspect of beauty in nature by treating wildlife of all species with a â€Å"Big brother complex. † I also believe that there are many human factors that are helping humans to become more aware of our duties towards helping the environment. We live in a time of great social turmoil and strife between nations. Many recognize an imminent doom to our species bordering a not so distant future. It is only logical that many humans are trying to get back in touch with nature, as if looking for a sense of innocence that one looses as a child. This is an innocence that was lost when man became careless with its potential to create and better his way of life. This mindset is becoming mixed and intertwined with the current growing consciousness that our world is changing and it might be too late to bring it back to the way it was. It is important that humans begin to take action by engaging ethical protocols that concern our environment. In my recent research, I have found that the existence of solid Environmental Ethics is vital for a shift in a social mindset towards awareness on the subject uphold. These rules of conduct and the values they signify must be maintained primarily by the people, the government, and the branches of science that study global and geological issues. Professor Alasdair Cochrane of the London School of Economics and Political Science writes, â€Å"First of all, environmental ethics needs to be and will be informed by changes in the political efforts to ameliorate environmental problems. Environmental ethics concerns formulating our moral obligations regarding the environment. While this enterprise can be, and often is, quite abstract, it is also meant to engage with the real world†¦ However, without the participation of so many large polluters, with the agreed reductions in greenhouse gas emissions so small, and with many countries looking like they may well miss their targets, many commentators already regard it as a failure. Ethicists need to respond not just by castigating those they blame for the failure. Rather they must propose alternative and better means of resolving the problems we face. † (Alasdair Cochrane, Environmental Ethics, 2007) Society of today has forgotten the importance and seriousness on environmental ethics. The consequences of our actions are affecting our future very rapidly. We humans are so consumed and focused on different ways that will make our lives so simple, that we ignore the fact of taking action in finding other methods in utilizing our resources better. Our children will be the ones affected and so will nature itself. Animals will be extinct in our children’s time and the world will gradually lose all its natural resources because we never thought to conserve source of electricity for millions. With an ever growing population, it does not make economic sense to have 28. 4 million acres set aside for only 5,000 people. Social involvement is also vital when addressing these environmental issues. It is important that environmental concerns are discussed in educational institutions as with the inclusion of dynamic exercises that can benefit both the student who is learning to tackle ecological concerns and nature itself. During my elementary school days, my school would organize supervised visits to beaches and other natural locations where we would engage in cleaning and picking up garbage left by campers and beach goers. This was very helpful towards our city. This type of dynamic disciplined helped us in knowing that even if we did not put this garbage there, we definitely have the power to preserve the beauty of this environment. I think that this is a very decent value that should be taught to kids who are currently developing an ability to question why things are as they are. It will not only teach them to preserve our planet, but it will also help them appreciate how very nourishing this world is to us. This may also help mold them into some very sanitary adults. It is very important that the scientific community should be concerned with environmental issues also. Scientific perspectives can not only help us to understand better what is happening to our environment, but it will also permit us to find better solutions to these problems. Professor Alasdair mentions in his work that, â€Å"Environmental ethics will of course be informed by our scientific understanding of the environment. Whether it is changes in our understanding of how ecosystems work, or changes in the evidence concerning the environmental crisis, it is clear that such change will inform and influence those thinkers writing on our environmental obligations. † (Alasdair Cochrane, Environmental Ethics, 2007) I honestly believe that we, as humans, are advancing towards a time of global awakening and consciousness. Due to the fact that we think that there is nothing seriously wrong with our environment due to the cruel treatment we have inflicted on it for the past hundred years. Still, we are not late in focusing on these problems by establishing new lines of thought on our ethical and moral obligation towards the environment. By exploring the options that are needed to prevent future damages to our environment, we will be able to save not only ourselves as a species, but also the many other forms of life that inhabit our fertile earth. It is also very important that we apply ethical and philosophical values to the way we interact with our planet. This is a requirement that men and women who are willing to become advocates of this cause, by thinking and analyzing what is the problem that if being faced, and what is must we resort to as a solution to that problem. Governments have begun to embrace this and so have many other corporate institutions and social groups. We hold the fate of our future in our hands. So it is up to us humans to choose in which direction to steer our fates and the fates of all living creatures on earth. In conclusion, I do believe that ethics plays a major part in the solving our environmental issues. When people are contemplating obligations towards the environment and making judgments on policies and procedures, ethics often come into the picture. When members of society are determining responsibility for future generations, morality is often a factor and ethics could be a component of the process. How do we answer the question; â€Å"What are the guidelines for farmers that use chemicals to fertilize their fields, when that water may eventually make its way to a water source? † Ethics are part of answering this question. Where things have not been solved, more issues are stacking on them day by day. Environmental Ethics is a very important field. It continues to supply humans with valuable information on current environmental issues to which society needs to react swiftly. These reactions will provide critical information to address the issues at hand. Societies need to make good decisions and those decisions will have ethics at their root. Personal thoughts and opinions, and ultimately decisions, will shape the environment for generations to come. We as people can make this world a better place to live. How to cite Ethical Enviromental Issues, Essay examples

Response Wuth Essays - British Films, English-language Films

Response Section 1 Chapter 1-7 The story begins with Mr. Lockwood recounting his first visit to his landlord, Mr. Heathcliff. Lockwood seems ever so affectionate toward Mr. Heathcliff. He is fascinated by Heathcliff?s reserved nature. Wuthering Heights, Mr. Heathcliff?s place of residence, is described by Mr. Lockwood as ?A perfect misanthropist?s Heaven?. Lockwood also stated that he and Heathcliff are the perfect inhabitants for the desolate land. Heathcliff does not seem to care much when Lockwood is attacked by the dogs, this shows his dark humor. As Lockwood visits Heathcliff again, he continues to be surprised by the inhabitants of the property. It seems to him as if they are all rude and crass. Joseph, Mrs. Heathcliff, and Hareton do not act so respectfully towards the guest, Mr. Lockwood, and Heathcliff treats them similarly. For some reason Heathcliff forbids his daughter-in-law, Mrs. Heathcliff, from ever leaving Wuthering Heights. It seems as if there is a universal hatred amongst them. A snow storm for ces Lockwood to stay with Heathcliff for a night, and in a room he was snuck in to, he finds a diary that belonged to one Catherine Linton. Lockwood has somewhat haunted dreams that night about Catherine Linton?s ghost. He awakes from the dream screaming, and alarming Heathcliff. It is apparent that Heathcliff believes in and is fearful of the ghost that Lockwood describes. Lockwood learns quite a bit about Heathcliff?s family history that night. Heathcliff?s relationship with his daughter-in-law, Mrs. Heathcliff, is interesting. The ugly scene between the two of them that occurs, adds to the negative portrayal of Heathcliff, especially when he calls her a worthless woman who lives on his charity even though he keeps her there. Lockwood?s housekeeper, Nelly Dean, happens to know quite a bit about Heathcliff and his family seeing as how she worked for them for eighteen years. Heathcliff?s origins and childhood are exposed, and his family?s connections are discovered. Once Heathcliff is adopted, he is treated horribly by Hindley, his adoptive father?s son. Hindley?s sister Catherine befriends Heathcliff. Although most of the people in the house cannot stand Heathcliff, she considers him her closest friend and states that the greatest punishment on earth for her would be separation from Heathcliff. Mr. Earnshaw prefers Heathcliff over Hindley and it worsens their sibling rivalry. It is obvious how much more Earnshaw loves Heathcliff when he defends him from Hindley?s persecution. After Earnshaw dies no one is left to protect Heathcliff so Hindley is free to punish him. Even though his cruelty to Heathcliff is terrible, it is almost understandable, because Hindley felt abused by his own father. With Earnshaw gone, Hindley runs the house and continues to mistreat Heathcliff, and Catherine and Nelly are the only people who don?t disdain Heathcliff. When Heathcliff and Catherine are snooping around Thrushcross Grange, Catherine is bit by the Lintons? dog and as a res ult she must remain there, while Heathcliff is sent away. Catherine returns some time later, changed. Heathcliff is jealous to hear of her befriending of Edgar Linton. When the Lintons visit the Heights, Edgar insults Heathcliff and he retaliates by attacking Edgar. Heathcliff already disliked Edgar because he thought that Catherine loved him more. After Heathcliff is sent to the attic for his actions, Catherine sneaks up to see him. Their close relationship is displayed when she defies Hindley?s orders to see him. Heathcliff plots revenge on Hindley. Lockwood really begins to see that Nelly is more than just a servant, she also is a master storyteller and he praises her for it. Response Section 2 Chapter 8-17 Hindley?s wife dies shortly after giving birth to her son Hareton, leading to Hindley?s mental and emotional downfall. Hindley shows little interest in his son and treats Heathcliff more cruelly. Heathcliff, however, ignores his persecution and enjoys watching his deterioration. Edgar continues to visit Cathy, and jealous Heathcliff feels excluded by Cathy. He feels that she prefers Edgar over him. Cathy makes the comparison between the two and decides she does want Edgar and that Heathcliff is not worthy of her presence. Cathy declares her love to Edgar. Heathcliff begins to show darkness that Nelly notices. Hindley drops deeper into alcoholism, goes crazy, and abuses his infant son.

Example of Formal Letter †English Course Assignment †Letter to TVs Survivor Programme

Example of Formal Letter – English Course Assignment – Letter to TVs Survivor Programme Free Online Research Papers Example of Formal Letter English Course Assignment Letter to TVs Survivor Programme Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing with regard to your advertisement requesting of volunteers to take part in the next edition of your survivor programme, which I have been watching for the last three seasons. I do not usually tend to fight for things I do not believe deeply in. This is why I am applying for this programme, because I truly think of myself as the kind of person you are looking for in order to give once again the programme the excitement and addiction it has achieved through the years. Since I have always travelled to the poorest areas of the planet where your security relies only on your own survival skills, I feel capable of adapting to the conditions set on your programme, even to the TV cameras. Although I am an adventurous person who will never be afraid of your risky games at least none has scared me to the point that I would hesitate to participate in the reality show I always avoid risking my groups security. It is always important to stop and think of your actions and evaluate the possible consequences, specially when, as in your programme, you are not alone and decisions must be taken for the whole group. Because I think this is not only a survivor programme but a situation where people have to learn to trust their group partners because those who isolate themselves tend to lose in the rivalry for survival. Being sociable is the strongest characteristic I have to be chosen from all the contestants. Referring to the three things I would be allowed to take, I would like to take a family photograph which means much to me and gives me energy when depressed, a jack-knife because I think it may be quite useful for everyone in many cases and, finally, a pen and a diary in order to narrate everything that happens daily. I am looking forward to hearing from you and am available for interview whenever you might request it. Yours faithfully Student Writer Research Papers on Example of Formal Letter - English Course Assignment - Letter to TVs Survivor ProgrammeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Arguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesStandardized TestingComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesWhere Wild and West MeetResearch Process Part One

3 Examples of How a Comma Can Change Meaning

3 Examples of How a Comma Can Change Meaning 3 Examples of How a Comma Can Change Meaning 3 Examples of How a Comma Can Change Meaning By Mark Nichol Omission of a lowly comma often alters the intent of a sentence, as demonstrated in the following examples, each followed by discussion and a revision. 1. Customers likely to be the target of any kind of prosecution under this law include individuals who use tax planners such as celebrities and politicians. This sentence mistakenly implies that celebrities and politicians sometimes double as tax planners, but the terms for those classes of people are modifying individuals, not â€Å"tax planners,† so either relocate the pertinent phrase â€Å"such as celebrities and politicians† to follow individuals, or simply set the phrase off with a comma: â€Å"Customers likely to be the target of any kind of prosecution under this law include individuals who use tax planners, such as celebrities and politicians.† 2. Within three years, the company projects that 67 percent of all spending on enterprise information technology will target cloud-based products and services. Omission of a comma to complement the one preceding what should be a parenthetical phrase leads to the erroneous implication that the projection is directly tied to the period specified. But â€Å"the company projects† is merely an attribution, and â€Å"within three years† pertains to the percentage figure, not the projection: â€Å"Within three years, the company projects, 67 percent of all spending on enterprise information technology will target cloud-based products and services.† (Note also the deletion of that.) 3. Organizational structure does not specifically represent a building block of procurement success- at least not in the way that cost analysis, sourcing or savings methodology and tracking do. Does this sentence refer to cost analysis, sourcing, and savings methodology and tracking, or does it refer to cost analysis, sourcing or savings methodology, and tracking? The context may be clear for experts, but a layperson may be perplexed, and even someone very familiar with these concepts may be momentarily puzzled. If your publication does not customarily employ serial commas, use one nevertheless when one or more items in an in-line list (one appearing within a sentence) is complex (â€Å"a and b†). Better yet, always use the serial comma: â€Å"Organizational structure does not specifically represent a building block of procurement success- at least not in the way that cost analysis, sourcing, or savings methodology and tracking do.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. Further45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†20 Ways to Laugh

Policy and Issues in Public Health Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy and Issues in Public Health - Article Example This journey had witnessed an evolution, and government involvement in active policy making is attempting to harvest the fruit of current knowledge in this area. The most important paradigm shift has perhaps resulted from the increased emphasis on the role and contribution of individual behaviour and lifestyles to disease causation. Consequently, the public health programmes follow the policies and strategies to modify them at the community level, where both population and individual interventions are being increasingly practiced. Obviously, there would be sociopolitical critiques of such policies. Eventually, enhanced research leading to greater understanding of different factors on specific public health problems has revealed that socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors may influence health-related behaviour and thus may affect health status (Hunter, 2002). Public health policy relates to several areas of intervention. The health administration and planning processes must recognise these levels since resource allocation would depend on the gravity and level of the problem. Community health and health protection is an important level that deals with people in their social and environmental contexts. It is now known that people's health is determined by not only personal characteristics, biological and genetic endowments, but also environmental influences of physical nature. Some of these influences originate in the community and work through the influence on their behaviour and coping strategies. In the context of the current UK public health scenario, the government is demonstrative of its anxiety to fulfill its commitment to preventative health through different public health policy agenda. Hunter (2005) has indicated that public health and related policies are of central importance. One of the reasons for this growing interest in pub lic health and community intervention strategies is the new knowledge that many preventable chronic diseases, due to lack of definitive public health policies have assumed epidemic proportions. Moreover, these diseases once established would add up to the mounting costs in healthcare services. This led to the need of change of approach towards prevention of these diseases and health improvement of the population. Strong et al. (2005) stated that a low-budget preventive approach would balance the resource allocation in such a manner that the healthcare cost demands might be managed more effectively, and absence of preventative strategies would lead to demise of publicly funded health systems. Although it may appear from this statement that public health interventions and policy changes have brought about the desired changes, in reality there exists a widening gap between the need of chronic disease prevention measures and government responses of implementation. This indicates there a re needs of specific action plans and rigorous implementation measures against these problems (Strong et al. 2005). All these are indicative of the fact that during the second half of the twentieth

Teen Pregnancy Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teen Pregnancy - Research Proposal Example This group has a prevalence rate of 8 % compared to 2.2% of 15-17 year old teenage girls. Ten to fourteen years old girls have the lowest rate of pregnancy in the United States of about 0.7 births per 1000 girls. Kelly (2000, p 27) Sociologists and health researchers attribute various factors to the high rate of teenage pregnancies. From the sociologists’ point of view, peer pressure, poverty, the environment in which children are brought up in addition to family structure as some of the major factors that have contributed to increase in the rate of teenage pregnancies (East & Felice 1996). Farber (2003, p 69) noted that teenagers are most vulnerable group to succumb to influence from the media and fellow colleagues to engage in risky sexual behavior that often results to teenage pregnancies. Moreover, children brought up in poor and insecure environments are usually vulnerable to sexual abuse or lack of information about safe sex (Farber, 2003). Lack of adequate information a bout use contraceptives is another major factor that contributes to high rate of teenage pregnancy in developed countries. A study conducted by East and Felice (1996 pp79-86) established that over 50% of pregnant teenage girls used some form of contraceptives.