Policy and Issues in Public Health Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy and Issues in Public Health - Article Example This journey had witnessed an evolution, and government involvement in active policy making is attempting to harvest the fruit of current knowledge in this area. The most important paradigm shift has perhaps resulted from the increased emphasis on the role and contribution of individual behaviour and lifestyles to disease causation. Consequently, the public health programmes follow the policies and strategies to modify them at the community level, where both population and individual interventions are being increasingly practiced. Obviously, there would be sociopolitical critiques of such policies. Eventually, enhanced research leading to greater understanding of different factors on specific public health problems has revealed that socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors may influence health-related behaviour and thus may affect health status (Hunter, 2002). Public health policy relates to several areas of intervention. The health administration and planning processes must recognise these levels since resource allocation would depend on the gravity and level of the problem. Community health and health protection is an important level that deals with people in their social and environmental contexts. It is now known that people's health is determined by not only personal characteristics, biological and genetic endowments, but also environmental influences of physical nature. Some of these influences originate in the community and work through the influence on their behaviour and coping strategies. In the context of the current UK public health scenario, the government is demonstrative of its anxiety to fulfill its commitment to preventative health through different public health policy agenda. Hunter (2005) has indicated that public health and related policies are of central importance. One of the reasons for this growing interest in pub lic health and community intervention strategies is the new knowledge that many preventable chronic diseases, due to lack of definitive public health policies have assumed epidemic proportions. Moreover, these diseases once established would add up to the mounting costs in healthcare services. This led to the need of change of approach towards prevention of these diseases and health improvement of the population. Strong et al. (2005) stated that a low-budget preventive approach would balance the resource allocation in such a manner that the healthcare cost demands might be managed more effectively, and absence of preventative strategies would lead to demise of publicly funded health systems. Although it may appear from this statement that public health interventions and policy changes have brought about the desired changes, in reality there exists a widening gap between the need of chronic disease prevention measures and government responses of implementation. This indicates there a re needs of specific action plans and rigorous implementation measures against these problems (Strong et al. 2005). All these are indicative of the fact that during the second half of the twentieth

Teen Pregnancy Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teen Pregnancy - Research Proposal Example This group has a prevalence rate of 8 % compared to 2.2% of 15-17 year old teenage girls. Ten to fourteen years old girls have the lowest rate of pregnancy in the United States of about 0.7 births per 1000 girls. Kelly (2000, p 27) Sociologists and health researchers attribute various factors to the high rate of teenage pregnancies. From the sociologists’ point of view, peer pressure, poverty, the environment in which children are brought up in addition to family structure as some of the major factors that have contributed to increase in the rate of teenage pregnancies (East & Felice 1996). Farber (2003, p 69) noted that teenagers are most vulnerable group to succumb to influence from the media and fellow colleagues to engage in risky sexual behavior that often results to teenage pregnancies. Moreover, children brought up in poor and insecure environments are usually vulnerable to sexual abuse or lack of information about safe sex (Farber, 2003). Lack of adequate information a bout use contraceptives is another major factor that contributes to high rate of teenage pregnancy in developed countries. A study conducted by East and Felice (1996 pp79-86) established that over 50% of pregnant teenage girls used some form of contraceptives.

call centers :: essays research papers

Call Centers -- RP's Emerging Sunshine Industry The call center service has been dubbed the country's latest sunshine industry, expected to generate around 24,000 jobs in the next two years. When a door closes, a window opens. Even as the Philippines feels the fallout from the global IT crunch, it has benefited from the prevailing cost-cutting trend in an unexpected way -- an unprecedented boom in the call center business. Indeed, the call center service has been dubbed the country's latest sunshine industry, with the sector expected to generate around 24,000 jobs in the next two years, according to Toby Monsod, former assistant secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). "It's a very promising industry. Everybody's growing and hiring," Benedict Hernandez, Contact Center Association of the Philippines (CCAP) chair, said in a recent interview. From 2000 to 2001, the segment reportedly grew by more than 200 percent, and local call center revenues are projected to increase from $173 million in 2002 to $864 million in 2004. Optimism runs high as an international research group forecasts the growth of ICT-enabled services to a $200-billion industry by the year 2010, with the call center segment's share at $42 billion. Reports say that in the United States alone, there are 1.5 million call center seats that could be outsourced, and so far the Philippines has less than 10,000 seats filled, indicating the domestic industry's huge potential. What are call centers? A call center is a central customer service operation where agents (often called customer care specialists or customer service representatives) handle telephone calls on behalf of a client. Clients include mail-order catalog houses, telemarketing companies, computer product help desks, banks, financial service and insurance groups, transportation and freight handling firms, hotels and IT companies. The size of an operation is described in terms of the number of "seats." A seat consists of a station with two or three people alternating in several shifts to provide 24-hour call center service. The industry's main target markets include the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. Many factors contribute to the local industry's sizzling development pace. One is the rising cost of doing business in industrialized countries like the United States, forcing foreign companies to downsize and outsource peripheral e-services to developing countries like the Philippines to cut overheads. CCAP president Jose Ferreros also cites the better power and telecommunications infrastructure, competitive labor cost in terms of quality and value for money, and strong government support for ICT-related industries.

Pda Medication Reflective Account Essay

As a requirement of my role as Support Worker for Options Of Independence. I must support my service users with administering medication, in order for me to administer medication safely under the Royal Pharmaceutical Society guidelines, Handling Of Medication in social care 2007, and under Dundee City Council guidelines, I must check that the medicines are correct by checking the medication pack and label on the box must be by the pharmacist or dispensing gp, and identify the service user correctly. I need to know what the medicine is for and know if there is any precautions if medicine has to be taken with or after food or with water. I supported service user M, who requires to be prompted to open blister pack and take her medication. I know service user M as I regularly visit service user M and I am there keyworker. This is under Scottish Social Services Council, codes of practice ,1.1 1.4 1.5 3.6 4.3 6.1. in the sssc book. As I know service user M and I am there keyworker I know s ervice user M very well. I read over her support plan and check medication and mar sheet, I check her medicines from reading the patient information leaflet, check for any adverse reactions and side affects and any contra indications, a side affect is unwanted affect on the body, adverse reaction is an acute or server reaction that can be life threatening. This is under the care of standards. Side Affects, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, rash, weight gain and loss Adverse Reactions, severe rash, breathless, stomach pains, severe diarrhea, swelling, body temperature I have to comply under the Medicines Act 1968, and under The Royal Pharmaceutical Society guidelines and the Handling Of Medicines act 2007. This is under my responsibilitys as support worker and under the national care standards under support services that I am confident about healthcare needs and to make sure service user takes medication safely and in the best way that suits the service user. Read more:  Administer Medication to Individuals and Monitor the Effects If I was administering medication i.e an injection I would respect service users dignity and privacy and follow there personal plan. This complys with medicines act 1968 and the royal pharmaceutical society guidelines. also the handling of medicines act 2007. I went into service user M box where her blister pack and care plan are before i check anything i washed and dryed my hands and applyed my ppe, gloves and apron i then went and washed the medi cup and dryed it. I then checked care plan and mar sheet and checked the blister pack and patient information sheet i then used a popping technqiue to  dispence the blister pack i also offered service user M glass of water which service user M prefers to take with medication this is stated in care plan i checked care plan and medication in blister pack to make sure that its correct as mistakes can be made with medication errors wrong labeling check name date next i would check for the correct route and time . If I was usure about anything I would contact the pharmacist. I then mark the mar sheet using black pen in the appropriate boxes correct date and time. I make sure I obsserve service user M taking her medication and that it has been taken before I would mark mar sheet. When doing this I would look out for any side affects or adverse reactions if I did see any I would take further action and seek medical advice immedicatley and record my finding in mar sheet and daily notes and contact team leader. when marking mar sheet make sure my intials are clear and correct and all information is logged in daily notes and mar sheet. I make sure I put blister pack back in box where its kept and the care plan. as this is where storage is agreed to be kept. this is under the data protection act 1989 and with rules of codes of practice policy and prodcures. If I discovered that service user M had unwanted medication in box I would fill out a medication disposal form noting what dosage and medication it is and how much, I would get the service users signature and return to the pharmacy and get them to sign there name as well. this form would be kept beside mar sheet this is under current policys and procedures, in doing this I have followed the legal rights. Right person, right drug, right doze, right route, ruight time, right documentation, right action, right response. this does not guarantee that medication errors wil not happen but will ensure safety and quality of care. There are a lot of laws and legislations to adhere when dealing with medication. the medicines act 1968. this regulates the supply and manufacture of medicines, prescription only drugs, are avavible only from the pharmacist if its prescribed by a doctor Pharmacy medicines only avaible from the pharmacist but without a prescription. and general sales list which can be bought from any shop without prescription. The human requlations act 2012 this is for labelling of medicines you must have a label on any medcines including creams etc. the date of opening it and expiry date. The missue of drugs act 1973, this is how contolled drugs are stored. in residential they should be stores in a locked secure area, must be double locked cabinet and also secured to a  wall. and to be checked evey 7 days. If its in a service users home they must agree where there to be stored where its accessible to the service user and the staff supporting service user, and must be recored in there care plan. must be suitable storage i.e locked in cabinet or a drawer. in a cool dry palce, some medicines might be stored in a fridege. Regulations of care Scotland act 2001, this was set up by Scottish commission and is to regulation of care and the Scottish social services. which makes up your codes of practice. Scottish services council codes of practice makes sure that every care worker has a duty of care and has to comply with policys and procedures of codes of practice. Infection Prevention and Control comply with Control Of Substances Hazard to Health regulations, to prevent infection and germs, making sure service user is in agreement with how they would like to be supported with there medication and disposing of clinical waste. making sure my hands are washed and dryed before handling medication, before and after. not touching medication or waste directly,wear appropriate ppe gloves and aprons. when applying creams or patches washing and drying hands after removing ppe. Applying topical creams, as this can be absorbed threw your skin using gloves is for your own protection or you could absorb the medication to your skin. if you don’t follow these procedures medication can be compromised and they are open to infection from the staff member. Communication is an important thing when administering mediation, is vital to avoid errors and mistakes. must be extend to members of the care team service user and there represntatives prescriber and the pharmacist one example would be identifying the person verbal verification of the right person is one method of correct indentfiation but it should not be the only methosd used. please tell me your full name is a better wat to confirm a person identity the name be verified on the mar sheet and the medication label . Diabetes both type 1 and 2 are often controlled by insulin regular blood glucose montiering helps you to know if there is a need to inform the person adinstering the insulin to enable them to make adjustmets to the insulin dose as with all blood glucose lowering treatmets the tasrget range for good blood glucose is between 4mmol/8mmols. unplanned exercise lack of food delay in taking food and injections into the same area persistently may lead to low blood sugars. if the service user experiences hypos they should discuss this with their gp or nurse so treatment can be reassessed. There is  not much information about cultural requiremnts and medication managementsome relgions include fasting and some people prefer not to have mecicnes given at certain times.some people would prefer to be given medicines by the same sex. there are also vegetarions that would prefer not to use certain medicnes if they ontain animal products. When administering medication to service user I would sate to the service user what the edication is for and why. i.e if the service user had a U.T.I ( urinary track infection),you would then communicate to service user that this is your antibiotic for urine infection, if the service user says I don’t have that, as service user can be confused due to having a urine infection. I would check service users care plan, make sure correct medication and prescribed for the right reason if not sure I would seek medical advice. also insure that the service user has taken there medication by checking that they have swallowed and asking service user if they have taken there medciation, and I would stay with the service user and observe. check mar sheet if in any doubt, also remember that my role and responsiblty to the service user even after adminstering medication does not finish after I have administered the right medication check make sure no side affects or adverse reactions to the medication..

Analysis of the Fog of War Eleven Lessons by Robert S....

The Fog of War Eleven Lessons by Robert S. McNamara was in so much as a great representation of the life of Robert S. McNamara. It showed his life to be dramatic and traumatic in many different ways. The lessons he learned and shared during the documentary movie were truly astounding to me. I personally thought the movie was a tad bit on the boring side, but it was a documentary after all. The Fog of War was a very informative piece of work. During Errol Morris s documentary, The Fog of War, Eleven Lessons by Robert S. McNamara former Secretary of Defense McNamara, one of the most infamous figures of the Vietnam era, proves to be a greatly compelling figure, someone who can be self-critical and reflective about the decisions he made to†¦show more content†¦As McNamara himself acknowledges, he would have been viewed much differently historically had the United States lost World War II, leading one observer to recall Benjamin s observation that history is written by the undefeated victors. The Fog of War also offers a astounding critique of what McNamara refers to as rationality, which might be understood in terms of the relentless and calculated efficiency that was a part of his celebrated image as a World War II decider and as an executive at Ford (he helped in the development of seat belts), an observation that challenges some of McNamara s earlier assertions. Again, this willingness to engage in self-reflection, if not self-criticism, was compelling, even with McNamara s refusal to answer some of these points, and perhaps because of the refusal, the things he couldn t, or wouldn t say. The film implies several moments that may tempt people to make and or draw comparisons between Vietnam and Iraq. Several of McNamara s lessons readily acknowledge this perception, including his first lesson, Empathize with your enemy. McNamara comments only about his role in the Vietnam War, never mentioning Iraq or the current war, but it s most relatively clear from the unsaid language that heShow MoreRelatedThe Objectives Of The National Military Strategy Essay1980 Words   |  8 Pages, The history book of continuum of conflict demonstrates lessons learned that military leaders should consider in achieving these objectives. Among them the need to be empathizing with your enemy is a great lesson regarding the deterrence especially when you discover that â€Å"those with power to start a war frequently have lack of power to stop it.† Furthermore, if deterrence fails at any time the escalation of war will suffice to end the war and demonstrates determination, capability and will to endRead MoreVietnamese Attitudes toward China in the 20th Century2496 Words   |  10 PagesVietnamese Attitudes toward China in the 20th Century In a recent documentary about the lessons from the life of former Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, McNamara recalls an incident that took place in Vietnam in the 1990s. While visiting Vietnam after relations between the United States and Vietnam began to normalize, McNamara asked the Vietnamese leaders how they had managed to continue the war with the United States for so many years, making huge sacrifices in the process. McNamaras interlocutorsRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesmanagement needs to be opened up, not closed down; it needs reconciliation among its many different tendencies, not the isolation of each. To enrich the experience of this safari, we hope to follow up with a Guidebook. We have also prepared an Instructor s Manual to facilitate the use of this rather unconventional book in the classroom. We owe many thank-yous. Bob Wallace of The Free Press must be especially singled out. In the musical chairs world of publishing these x EMBARKATION days, to be

How to Celebrate Shakespeares Birthday

Shakespeare was born and died on April 23 -- and over 400 years on, we are still celebrating his birthday. Joining up with a Bard birthday bash is the best way to celebrate, but if you’re unable to attend an event, throw your own party! Here, a few creative ways to celebrate Shakespeare’s birthday. 1. Visit Stratford-upon-Avon If you live in the UK or are visiting the area in the month of April, then there is no better place in the world to celebrate William Shakespeares birthday than his hometown of Stratford-upon-Avon. On the weekend of his birthday, this little market town in Warwickshire (UK) pulls out all the stops. Hundreds of people travel to the town and line the streets to watch the town dignitaries, community groups, and RSC celebrities mark the Bards birth by starting the parade in Henley Street -- where the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust can be found. They then snake their way through the streets of the town to Holy Trinity Church, the Bards final resting place. The town then spends the weekend (and most of the week) entertaining its visitors with street performances, RSC workshops, world-class theater and free community theater.   2. Perform a Scene If you cant make it to Stratford-upon-Avon or one of the other Shakespeare birthday events happening around the world, then why not throw your own party? Dust off that old Shakespeare tome and act out your favorite scene. Couples can try the famous balcony scene from Romeo and Juliet, or the entire family can attempt the tragic ending from Hamlet. Remember: Shakespeare didn’t write his plays to be read -- they were to be performed! So, get into the spirit and start acting. 3. Read a Sonnet Shakespeare’s sonnets are some of English literature’s most beautiful poetry. It’s a delight to read aloud. Ask everyone at the celebration to find a sonnet that they like and read it to the group. If you’re not sure how to do justice to Shakespeares works by reading aloud, we have some advice to make your performance sparkle. 4. Visit the Globe This might be difficult if you don’t live in London or plan to be there. But it is possible to build your own Globe Theater  and keep the family entertained all afternoon -- print out all the parts you need and reconstruct Shakespeares wooden O. You can also take a virtual  photo tour of the reconstructed Globe Theatre in London. 5. Watch a Branagh Film Kenneth Branagh has made some of cinema’s best Shakespeare film adaptations. Much Ado About Nothing is arguably his most upbeat, celebratory film -- the perfect flick to round out the Bard’s birthday bash.

La Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats - 1795 Words

Many famous writers have careers spanning over decades, though one English Romantic poet was able to achieve fame in his short career of only five years. John Keats was a poet with a remarkable ability to perceive the world around him; an ability that resonated throughout his works. Although John Keats lived an unfortunately short life, he is considered one of the most important figures of the English Romantic movement because of his use of Romantic literary devices and themes of love and loss in poems such as La Belle Dame sans Merci and When I Have Fears that I May Cease to Be. On the outskirts of London on Halloween in 1795, famous Romantic poet John Keats was born. Entering school at the age of 8, Keats was known for his fierce†¦show more content†¦Regardless of finally achieving success from his poetry, Keats received the news of the good reviews with mixed emotions (â€Å"John Keats: Love, Life, and Death†). Advised to do so by his doctors, Keats left England an d his love, Fanny Brawne, in September to spend his final months in the warmer climate of Italy (â€Å"John Keats: Love, Life, and Death†). By this time Keats had abandoned any ideas of continuing to write poetry, and lived his final months feeling as if he were already dead (â€Å"John Keats: Love, Life, and Death†). Keats said that he was leading a posthumous existence (â€Å"John Keats: Love, Life, and Death†). After fighting off the disease for almost six more months, Keats died in Rome on February 23rd, 1621 at the young age of 25. One can only imagine the heights to which Keats would have soared had he lived longer. Despite his short career in poetry, Keats became one of the most popular and acclaimed English Romantic poets (†John Keats: Biography†). Keats’ brief career as a poet did not prevent him from becoming a primary leader of the English Romantic movement. His works, along with those of Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelly are most frequently connected with Romantic poetry. The Romantic movement places harmony with nature in high regard and stresses the development of the individual (The Academy of American Poets). Romantic poetry often focuses on one idea which eventually morphs into a contrasting idea by the end of the poem (Melani).Show MoreRelated Consider La Belle Dame sans Merci and To Autumn by John Keats1345 Words   |  6 PagesConsider La Belle Dame sans Merci and To Autumn by John Keats John Keats was born in 1795 and died in 1821. He lived a short life as he suffered from tuberculosis, and died in his early twenties. Keats is one of the great Romantic poets of the early 19th century. Most of his poetry was crammed into the last few years of his life, which is why some of his poems relate death. He had a great love for nature, which was always included in his poetry in some way. He saw his mother and his brotherRead More Archetypes in John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci: A Ballad1393 Words   |  6 PagesArchetypes in John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci: A Ballad During the Romantic Movement in literature, numerous writers fed off one another’s ideas; thus, creating various patterns which reoccur throughout literary works. According to â€Å"The Literature Network,† John Keats is â€Å"usually regarded as the archetype of the Romantic writer.† Therefore, Keats himself is thought to be the original model for the writer during the Romantic Era. In his poem, â€Å"La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad,† Keats usesRead MoreA Poem from the Romantic Period, La Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats711 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Keats was an English poet whose short lived writing career was in the early 19th century, near the end of what is known as the Romantic period. This time wasnt just about love stories; it was a social and political movement as well as a literary one. The Romantic period in literature was reacting to the 18th century obsession with distinct order, rationality, and a quest for scientific precision know n as the Enlightenment. The writers during the Romantic period felt that these thinkers fromRead MoreEssay on Poetry Analysis: La Belle Dame Sans Merci992 Words   |  4 Pagesyour focused on it, and it overwhelms you. â€Å"la belle dame sans merci† was written April 21, 1819 by John Keats. A Romantic poet who despite his reputation as being one of the most beloved poets of all time, was not well received during his short lived life. In fact Keats reputation didn’t grow till after his death near the end of the nineteenth century. He is now considered one of the key figures in the second generation of the romantic movement. Keats major works did not focus on religion, ethnicsRead More Comparing The Two Poems: When We Two Parted And La Belle Dame Sans Mer1483 Words   |  6 Pageswritten by Lord Bryon, and â€Å"La Belle Dames Sans Merci†, written by John Keats. I shall be exploring these poems and seeing connections and differences between them, so that I am able to compare them. The storyline of both poems is based around love, and so they are similar in that respect, however I think the poems bring out different types of emotions. When We Two Parted is melancholy throughout, and is a lament for a lost love. This is different to La Belle Dame Sans Merci, as it is more enchantingRead MoreComparing the Two Poems: When We Two Parted and La Belle Dame Sans Mer1499 Words   |  6 Pageswritten by Lord Bryon, and La Belle Dames Sans Merci, written by John Keats. I shall be exploring these poems and seeing connections and differences between them, so that I am able to compare them. The storyline of both poems is based around love, and so they are similar in that respect, however I think the poems bring out different types of emotions. When We Two Parted is melancholy throughout, and is a lament for a lost love. This is different to La Belle Dame Sans Merci, as it is more enchantingRead MoreEssay on John Keats La Belle Damn Sans Merci Analysis1365 Words   |  6 Pagespoem La Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats. In this poem Keats clearly denotes his personal rebellion against the pains of love and revealed the sad reality that; in pleasure, there is pain. This paper will take a closer look at one of the most prominent themes in La Belle Dame sans Merci; Love and Despair. The poem begins with a forlorn and heartbroken narrator suffering from both physical and emotional pain, ‘So haggard and woebegone’ (l 6) who meets a beautiful maiden. La Belle Dame sansRead MoreLa Belle Dame sans Merci Analysis Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesLa Belle Dame sans Merci, written by famous romantic poet John Keats in 1819, has been declared one of Keats’s greatest works due to the ambiguous boundaries it sets between imagination and reality [Kelly]. Throughout the poem, the reader always questions the â€Å"reality† presented by the poem, creating many facets that the readers have discussed for years and still have not established a definite answer as to their true meaning. La Belle Dame sans Merci embodies Keats’s â€Å"negative capability† perfectlyRead MoreThe Rights Of Women By Anna Barbauld1354 Words   |  6 PagesAnna Barbauld and John Keats wrote poems in response to proto-feminist writings. Barbauld wrote â€Å"The r ights of Women† in response to Mary Wollstonecraft s A Vindication of Rights of Woman. The Rights of Woman mocks gender equality while masked as an inspirational peroration for women. Additionally, â€Å"La Belle Dame Sans Merci† by Keats shows the potential danger in trusting women since the character in his poem was heartlessly betrayed by a woman. Power is an underlying theme in both texts and whileRead MoreJohn Keats : The Five Senses, Reality Departures, And Nature1628 Words   |  7 Pagesnot come at all† (biography). John Keats was an English-born poet who was known for his sonnets, romances, and epics. He was a well-known romantic poet who was criticized because of his style of poetry. In his poems, Keats uses frequent themes such as death, the five senses, reality departures, and nature. As a romantic poet, John Keats uses imagery and emotion based themes as way to display his beliefs in his poetry. Born in London, England on October 31, 1795, Keats suffered a tragic childhood